Clementsian theory

Clementsian theory, developed by Frederic Clements, suggests that ecological communities are like integrated entities, or "superorganisms," where species develop and function together in a somewhat interdependent way. According to this view, communities pass through predictable stages of development and tend to reach a stable, mature state with a characteristic group of species working as a unit. Changes in the environment can lead to shifts or succession in these communities. Overall, the theory emphasizes the idea that plant and animal communities are organized, interconnected systems that evolve toward a specific, balanced composition over time.