clear-air turbulence (Harris study)

Clear-air turbulence (CAT) is unexpected turbulence that occurs in clear skies, often at high altitudes, caused by jet streams, wind shear, or atmospheric storms. The Harris study analyzed how fluctuations in wind speed and temperature create irregular air movements that disrupt smooth flying. These invisible turbulent pockets can jostle aircraft unexpectedly, even when the weather seems calm. Understanding CAT helps improve airplane design and pilot awareness, enhancing safety. Essentially, it's turbulence outside storm clouds, resulting from atmospheric phenomena that produce sudden, unpredictable air currents for aircraft traveling through otherwise clear conditions.