Clausius integral

The Clausius integral is a mathematical expression used in thermodynamics to relate the transfer of heat to changes in a system's entropy, which is a measure of disorder or unavailable energy. It states that for any reversible process, the integral of heat transferred divided by temperature over the process equals the change in entropy. Essentially, it helps quantify how heat flow affects the disorder of a system, ensuring thermodynamic calculations remain consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics.