Cixi (Empress Dowager)

Cixi was a powerful Chinese empress dowager who effectively ruled the Qing Dynasty from the mid-19th to early 20th century. Originally a consort, she became regent after her son’s death, influencing significant political decisions. Known for her cautious yet pragmatic leadership, she navigated a period of internal rebellion, foreign intervention, and modernization efforts. Though sometimes criticized for conservatism, she maintained stability during turbulent times. Her complex legacy reflects her role in both resisting and adapting to rapid change, shaping China's history until her death in 1908.