Civil War (Ireland)

The Irish Civil War (1922–1923) was a conflict between two factions: those supporting the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which established the Irish Free State as a self-governing entity within the British Commonwealth, and those opposing it, wanting complete independence. The Treaty divided Irish nationalists, leading to violent clashes and a bitter dispute over the treaty's terms—particularly whether to accept partition and the status of Northern Ireland. The war ended with the pro-Treaty forces prevailing, but it left lasting divisions in Irish politics and society.