Citric acid production methods

Citric acid is primarily produced through fermentation, where certain molds like Aspergillus niger are cultivated in large tanks with a sugar-rich solution, such as glucose or sucrose. The mold consumes the sugars and naturally generates citric acid as a metabolic byproduct. After fermentation, the citric acid is extracted, purified, and crystallized for use in food, beverages, and industrial applications. This biological method is preferred because it is efficient, sustainable, and suitable for large-scale industrial manufacturing.