cities as ecosystems

Cities as ecosystems are interconnected environments where people, buildings, transportation, plants, animals, and resources interact like living organisms in nature. Just as ecosystems rely on balance—such as clean water, air, and energy flow—cities depend on the efficient use of resources and infrastructure to support urban life. Waste management, transportation networks, and green spaces function together to maintain health, sustainability, and resilience. Recognizing cities as ecosystems highlights the importance of managing these complex relationships thoughtfully to foster thriving, sustainable urban communities.