Cis-regulatory elements

Cis-regulatory elements are specific regions of DNA located near a gene that control when, where, and how much the gene is expressed. They function like molecular switches or dimmers, influencing gene activity without being part of the gene’s coding sequence itself. These elements include promoters, enhancers, and silencers, which interact with proteins called transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Their precise control is essential for proper development, cell function, and response to environmental signals. In essence, cis-regulatory elements act as genetic on/off switches, shaping how genes are used in different contexts within an organism.