Cilician Kingdom of Armenia

The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia was a medieval state established by Armenian refugees in the late 11th century, centered in the Cilician region (modern southeastern Turkey). It served as a cultural and political hub for Armenians during the Crusades, maintaining independence from larger neighbors like the Byzantines and Turks. Known for its vibrant trade, impressive fortresses, and unique Armenian culture, the kingdom reached its peak in the 12th and 13th centuries. It eventually fell to the Mongols and later the Mamluks, fading into history by the late 14th century, but it remains a significant chapter in Armenian history and medieval Christianity.