Cilician Armenia

Cilician Armenia was a medieval kingdom established by Armenian refugees in the late 11th century, located in the mountainous region of southeastern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). It served as a vital center for Armenian culture, trade, and military strength during the Crusades. The kingdom had close ties with European Crusader states and often allied with Western powers against Muslim neighbors. Over time, Cilician Armenia's independence waned due to regional conflicts, and it eventually fell to the Mamluks in the late 14th century. It played a significant role in preserving Armenian identity and culture during centuries of foreign domination.