Chronology of Egypt

The chronology of Egypt spans thousands of years, beginning with early farming communities around 5000 BCE. The ancient civilization famously unified around 3100 BCE under the first Pharaoh, Narmer, initiating the Early Dynastic Period. This era was followed by the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BCE), known for the pyramids, and subsequent periods like the Middle and New Kingdoms, when Egypt expanded and prospered. After centuries of decline, Egypt was conquered by foreign powers including Persia, Greece, and Rome. It regained independence later, but later fell under Arab control in the 7th century CE, shaping its long, layered history.