chromatophores

Chromatophores are specialized pigment-containing cells in animals like fish, reptiles, and amphibians that enable rapid color changes. They contain various pigments that can expand or contract, altering the animal's appearance for camouflage, communication, or thermoregulation. When these cells expand, the pigment spreads out, making the animal appear more vibrant or different in color; when they contract, the color becomes less visible. This dynamic system allows animals to adapt their coloration quickly in response to their environment or social signals, serving functions like hiding from predators or signaling to mates.