China's Demographic Transition

China's demographic transition refers to the shift in the country's population dynamics over several decades. Initially, China had high birth and death rates, resulting in slow population growth. After economic reforms in the late 20th century, improved healthcare lowered death rates, while the government’s family planning policies, like the one-child policy, reduced birth rates. As a result, China experienced rapid population growth, followed by aging demographics with fewer young people. This transition poses challenges for economic productivity and social support systems, as a smaller workforce must support a growing elderly population.