Chilblains

Chilblains are small, itchy, red or purple swellings that develop on skin exposed to cold temperatures, often on fingers, toes, ears, or nose. They occur when blood vessels temporarily overreact to cold, constricting and then suddenly expanding as warmth returns, causing inflammation and tissue injury. This results in discomfort, swelling, and sometimes skin blisters or ulcers. Chilblains tend to resolve on their own with warmth and care but can be painful or lead to infections if not properly managed. They are more common in people with sensitive blood circulation or certain conditions affecting blood flow.