Chemistry of detergents

Detergents are cleaning agents made of molecules called surfactants, which have two parts: one that dissolves in water and another that attracts dirt and grease. When mixed with water, the surfactants surround and lift away greasy stains and grime from surfaces or fabrics. The water-soluble part helps the detergent spread and rinse away easily, while the dirt-attracting part breaks down oily and greasy substances, making them easier to remove. This chemistry allows detergents to effectively clean clothes, dishes, and surfaces by emulsifying and suspending dirt so it can be rinsed away with water.