CheMin (Chemistry and Mineralogy)

CheMin (Chemistry and Mineralogy) is an instrument used on spacecraft to identify and analyze the minerals present in rocks and soil. It uses X-ray diffraction to examine how minerals' atomic structures scatter X-rays, helping scientists determine their composition without needing to bring samples back to Earth. This technique provides crucial insights into the geology and history of planetary surfaces, such as Mars, revealing clues about past water activity and environmental conditions. CheMin's ability to quickly and accurately analyze mineralogy is essential for understanding planetary processes and assessing habitability.