Chemical dispersants

Chemical dispersants are substances used to break down oil spills into smaller droplets, allowing them to disperse more easily into water. This helps to prevent the oil from forming thick, surface-wide slicks, making it easier for natural biodegradation processes to break down the oil molecules. Dispersants are typically applied from boats or airplanes and contain surfactants that reduce the oil-water surface tension. While they can speed up cleanup and reduce environmental damage to shoreline habitats, their use also introduces chemicals into the marine environment, so they are employed carefully and selectively during spill response efforts.