Charles IV of Spain

Charles IV of Spain (1748–1819) was a monarch of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, reigning as King of Spain. His rule was marked by internal political struggles, the influence of his favorites, and external conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. His reign faced significant challenges, including economic difficulties and military defeats. Charles IV was eventually compelled to abdicate in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII, amid widespread unrest. Despite these issues, his time on the throne was a pivotal period in Spain's history, bridging the late Bourbon monarchy and the upheaval of the Napoleonic era.