Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor)

Charles I of Spain, also known as Charles V, was a powerful 16th-century ruler who governed a vast empire that included Spain, much of Italy, the Netherlands, parts of Central Europe, and colonies in the Americas. As Holy Roman Emperor, he sought to unify Christian Europe and defend his territories from enemies like France and the Ottoman Empire. His reign was marked by religious conflicts, notably the Protestant Reformation, and efforts to maintain his political and territorial control. He eventually abdicated in 1556, dividing his empire between his son Philip II of Spain and his brother Ferdinand, highlighting his influence over European history.