Channelrhodopsins

Channelrhodopsins are special proteins derived from algae that act as light-activated ion channels. When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they open up and allow ions to flow into neurons, triggering electrical signals. This mechanism enables precise control of neuron activity using light, a technique called optogenetics. Scientists use channelrhodopsins to study brain functions, understand neural circuits, and explore potential therapies for neurological disorders. They are a powerful tool for selectively activating neurons in living organisms with high temporal and spatial accuracy.