CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization)

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) is a laboratory technique used to detect changes in the number of copies of specific regions of a DNA sample, such as gains or losses of genetic material. It compares a patient's DNA to a reference DNA by labeling each with different colors and hybridizing them to a microarray or chromosome slide. Differences in fluorescence indicate variations in gene copy number, helping identify genetic abnormalities related to diseases like cancer or genetic syndromes. CGH provides a detailed view of genomic imbalance without needing to examine individual genes, aiding in diagnosis and research.