cesium standard

A cesium standard is a highly precise atomic clock that uses the vibrations of cesium atoms to measure time. Inside the clock, microwaves cause cesium atoms to change energy states at a very specific frequency—exactly 9,192,631,770 times per second. This consistent frequency allows scientists to define the second with extraordinary accuracy. Cesium atomic clocks are essential for accurate GPS navigation, international timekeeping, and scientific research, serving as the foundation for the precise measurement of time globally.