central dogma theory

The central dogma of biology describes how genetic information is used to produce proteins, which perform most functions in living organisms. It states that DNA, the cell's genetic blueprint, is first transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then travels to the cell’s protein-making machinery, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein. This flow—from DNA to RNA to protein—is fundamental to understanding how genes determine physical traits and biological processes in all living things.