cellular stress

Cellular stress refers to conditions that disrupt normal cell function, such as lack of oxygen, toxins, or extreme temperatures. These factors can damage cell components like DNA, proteins, and membranes, impairing vital processes. Cells respond by activating protective mechanisms to repair damage, remove harmful substances, or, if damage is too severe, initiate programmed cell death. Chronic or intense stress can contribute to diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Essentially, cellular stress challenges a cell's stability and function, prompting it to adapt or, if unable, lead to cell malfunction or death.