Cellular components

Cellular components, or organelles, are the specialized parts inside a cell that perform specific functions to keep the cell alive and functioning. The nucleus acts as the cell's control center, housing DNA. Mitochondria are the powerhouses, generating energy. Ribosomes make proteins, essential for growth and repair. The endoplasmic reticulum helps in transporting materials; rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not. The Golgi apparatus processes and ships proteins. Lysosomes digest waste, and the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance filling the cell, supporting its structure and holding organelles in place.