cell wall biosynthesis

Cell wall biosynthesis is the process by which cells, especially bacterial and plant cells, build and maintain their protective outer layer. This wall provides strength, shape, and protection against environmental stresses. The process involves creating building blocks, like sugars and amino acids, which are assembled into complex structures called peptidoglycan in bacteria or cellulose in plants. Enzymes guide these components to form a sturdy, interconnected matrix. Proper biosynthesis is essential for cell integrity and function; disrupting it can weaken or kill the cell, which is often targeted by antibiotics in bacteria.