cell culture methods

Cell culture involves growing cells outside their natural environment under controlled conditions. Scientists collect cells from tissues or organisms and place them in special containers called culture dishes or flasks, which are filled with a nutrient-rich solution known as culture medium. This medium provides the essential nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors that cells need to survive, multiply, and function. The cultures are kept in incubators that maintain optimal temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. Cell culture allows researchers to study cell behavior, test drugs, produce biological products, and understand disease processes in a controlled setting.