Caverns (Geological)

Caverns are large underground spaces formed through natural geological processes, primarily the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone by slightly acidic water over thousands to millions of years. This process creates voids that expand into extensive cave systems with features such as stalactites, stalagmites, and underground rivers. Caverns reveal Earth's natural history, shaped by mineral deposits and water flow. They are important for science, ecology, and often serve as popular attractions for exploration and education.