cave ecosystem

A cave ecosystem is a self-sustaining environment inside a cave, where live organisms depend on minimal external input. It includes unique plants, animals like bats, insects, and specialized fungi and bacteria. These organisms adapt to low light, stable temperatures, and high humidity. Some species rely on organic matter brought in by animals or washed in from outside. The ecosystem maintains balance through nutrient cycling, with microorganisms playing a crucial role. Despite limited resources, cave ecosystems can support diverse, specialized life forms, illustrating nature’s ability to thrive in extreme and isolated habitats.