Cattell's Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence

Cattell's Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence differentiates between two types of mental abilities. Fluid intelligence is the capacity to solve new problems, think abstractly, and adapt to unfamiliar situations—it's like mental flexibility. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves knowledge and skills gained through experience and education, such as vocabulary or general facts. Both types are linked but distinct; fluid intelligence tends to decline with age, while crystallized intelligence usually remains stable or improves over time. This model helps explain how different aspects of our thinking develop and change throughout life.