Cations

Cations are positively charged particles that form when atoms or molecules lose one or more electrons. Electrons are negatively charged, so removing them leaves the remaining object with a net positive charge. These charged particles are common in many processes, such as chemical reactions, biological functions, and electrical conduction. For example, sodium ions (Na⁺) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are cations vital for nerve signaling and muscle function. Understanding cations helps explain how atoms interact, how electrical currents flow in our bodies and devices, and how substances combine in nature.