Catalan Declaration of Independence (October 27, 2017)

On October 27, 2017, Catalonia’s regional parliament unilaterally declared independence from Spain, asserting it was a separate and sovereign nation. This followed a controversial independence referendum in October 2017, which the Spanish government declared illegal. The declaration aimed to assert Catalonia's right to self-determination, but faced strong opposition from Spain's central government, which responded by dissolving the Catalan parliament, dismissing its leaders, and calling new elections. The move intensified political crisis and legal battles, highlighting deep divisions between Catalonia’s push for independence and Spain’s constitutional unity.