Cat coat color genetics

Cat coat colors are determined by genes inherited from their parents, involving different versions (alleles) that control pigment production. The primary gene, called the "L locus," affects color intensity, with some alleles producing solid colors and others producing patterns like tabby stripes. The "B locus" controls overall base color—black or chocolate—while the "O locus" specifies orange or related shades. Genes can combine to produce a variety of colors and patterns, such as calico or tortoiseshell, which involve the distribution of different pigments on patches of fur. These genetic interactions explain the wide diversity of cat coat colors and patterns.