Cartography and Geographic Information Science

Cartography is the art and science of creating maps, transforming geographic data into visual representations that help us understand spatial relationships. Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the broader field that studies how to collect, analyze, and interpret geographic data using technology and computer systems. Together, they enable us to visualize, analyze, and solve spatial problems—such as urban planning, environmental management, and navigation—by integrating maps with data to reveal patterns and insights about the world around us.