caries

Caries, commonly known as cavities, are areas of tooth decay caused by bacteria in dental plaque. These bacteria feed on sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that gradually demineralize and damage the tooth enamel—the hard outer layer. Over time, this decay can create holes or cavities in the tooth, leading to pain, sensitivity, and even infection if left untreated. Good oral hygiene, regular dental checkups, reduced sugar intake, and fluoride use help prevent cavities by removing plaque and strengthening tooth mineralization.