caribou

Caribou, also known as reindeer in North America, are Arctic and sub-Arctic hoofed mammals adapted to cold environments. They have thick fur, large hooves that act like snowshoes, and specialized nose structures to conserve heat. They migrate long distances annually between winter and summer habitats, following food sources like lichens, grasses, and shrubs. Social and herd-oriented, they play a vital ecological role in tundra ecosystems. Indigenous cultures have historically relied on them for transportation, clothing, and food. Caribou populations are sensitive to climate change, habitat loss, and human activity, making their conservation important for ecological balance and cultural heritage.