carbonate ion transport

Carbonate ion transport involves the movement of negatively charged carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) across cell membranes, critical for processes like maintaining pH balance and mineral formation. Cells use specialized protein channels or transporters embedded in the membrane to move these ions into or out of the cell. This transport is often coupled with other ions, like hydrogen (H⁺) or calcium (Ca²⁺), helping regulate acidity and mineralization. Proper carbonate transport ensures the cell's internal environment remains stable and supports physiological functions such as bone formation and cellular respiration.