Carbonate equilibria

Carbonate equilibria involve the balance between different carbon-containing compounds in solutions, mainly in water. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, which can break apart into bicarbonate and carbonate ions. These reactions depend on pH levels: at lower pH, more carbonic acid exists; at higher pH, bicarbonate and carbonate ions dominate. This equilibrium is essential for processes like maintaining ocean health and regulating blood pH. It allows carbon to move between different forms, ensuring stability and balance in natural and biological systems.