carbon dioxide equilibrium

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere and the body exists in a balance between its free and combined forms. When CO₂ dissolves in blood, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, then quickly breaks down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This process helps regulate pH levels but also maintains an equilibrium: as CO₂ levels rise, more converts to bicarbonate; when levels fall, bicarbonate reverts to free CO₂. This dynamic balance is essential for maintaining stable conditions in our lungs, blood, and environment, enabling effective gas exchange and overall physiological stability.