capillary tubes in chromatography

Capillary tubes in chromatography are very thin, hollow glass or metal tubes used to separate mixtures of substances. In gas chromatography, a sample is injected into the tube, which is then heated so components travel at different speeds based on their properties. Similarly, in liquid chromatography, the tube helps pass the mixture through a stationary phase to separate its parts. Their small diameter increases surface area, improving separation efficiency and resolution. These tubes are essential for precise analysis, allowing scientists to identify and measure individual substances within complex mixtures accurately.