Capacitation

Capacitation is a natural process that sperm undergo after being deposited in the female reproductive tract, which makes them capable of fertilizing an egg. During this process, the sperm's outer layer changes, increasing their motility and ability to penetrate an egg's protective layers. Think of it as a "training" or “activation” phase that prepares sperm for fertilization, ensuring they are ready to succeed when they meet an egg. This process is essential for successful conception and typically occurs within the female reproductive system before fertilization can happen.