Canadian oil sands

Canadian oil sands are large deposits of unconventional petroleum located primarily in Alberta. They consist of a mixture of sand, clay, water, and a thick, sticky form of crude oil called bitumen. Extracting oil from these sands involves either surface mining or in-situ techniques, which require significant energy and water use. The oil sands are a major energy resource, but their development raises environmental concerns, including greenhouse gas emissions, habitat disruption, and water consumption. Despite these challenges, they play a key role in Canada's economy and global oil supply.