California's Central Valley

California’s Central Valley is a large, flat valley stretching about 450 miles through the middle of the state. It’s a major agricultural region, producing a significant share of the nation’s fruits, vegetables, and nuts, thanks to its fertile soil and irrigation. The valley is bounded by mountain ranges on each side—the Sierra Nevada to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west. It has a semi-arid climate, relying heavily on complex water systems to support farming and communities. Despite its economic importance, the region faces challenges like water shortages, land subsidence, and environmental concerns.