Ca2+ signaling pathways

Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling is a process where cells use calcium as a messenger to coordinate activities. When a cell receives a signal, it triggers a release of Ca2+ from internal stores or allows it to enter from outside. The increase in calcium levels activates various proteins, enzymes, or pathways that control functions like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, or secretion. Afterward, calcium levels return to normal, ensuring the process is tightly regulated. Overall, Ca2+ signaling helps cells respond precisely and efficiently to different signals, maintaining proper function and communication within the body.