Ca2+ signaling

Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a process where cells use calcium ions to communicate and coordinate activities. When a cell receives a signal, certain triggers cause calcium levels inside the cell to rise quickly, acting as a messenger. This increase activates various proteins and enzymes, leading to specific responses like muscle contraction, hormone release, or gene expression. Afterward, calcium levels decrease back to normal, ready for the next signal. This regulated cycle allows cells to respond precisely and efficiently to their environment, making calcium vital for many biological functions.