C60 synthesis

C60 synthesis involves creating a spherical molecule called buckminsterfullerene or "buckyballs," composed of 60 carbon atoms. This is typically achieved by vaporizing carbon-rich materials, like graphite, in an environment with controlled high temperature and inert gases, prompting the carbon atoms to naturally assemble into the soccer-ball-shaped structure. The process often uses methods like arc discharge or laser ablation, where electric sparks or laser pulses vaporize the carbon source. As the carbon vapor cools, the atoms condense and self-organize into stable C60 molecules, which can then be purified for various scientific and industrial applications.