C−C bond formation

C–C bond formation is the process where two carbon atoms connect to form a stable link, creating or extending organic molecules. Chemists achieve this by pairing electrons from each carbon, often using catalysts or specific reactions, to generate a new shared electron space—called a covalent bond. This process is fundamental to building complex structures like plastics, fuels, and medicines, enabling the creation of diverse carbon-based compounds essential to everyday life.