Byzantine military history

Byzantine military history covers the strategies, battles, and defenses of the Eastern Roman Empire from around 330 to 1453 AD. It was known for its complex military organization, including heavily armored infantry called cataphracts, and innovative defenses like fortified cities and chainmail. The Byzantines often relied on diplomacy and intelligence to manage threats from various enemies, including Persians, Arabs, Turks, and Crusaders. Despite periods of decline, they successfully defended their empire for centuries through a combination of strategic geography, strong leadership, and adaptable tactics. Their military legacy profoundly influenced medieval warfare and fortification techniques.