Bufo bufo

Bufo bufo, commonly known as the common toad, is a widespread amphibian found throughout Europe. It has dry, warty skin, with a robust body and shorter limbs suited for walking and hopping rather than climbing or swimming. Typically, it exhibits a brown, gray, or greenish coloration with distinctive warts that provide camouflage. Common toads are primarily nocturnal, feeding on insects and small invertebrates. They breed in ponds during the spring, with males calling to attract females. Their skin secretes toxins as a defense mechanism against predators. They play a vital role in ecosystems by controlling insect populations.