Buffers in Physiology

In physiology, buffers are systems in the body that help maintain stable blood pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases. They act like fine-tuned sponges, quickly absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions (H⁺) to keep pH levels within a narrow, healthy range (around 7.35-7.45). Key buffers include bicarbonate, proteins, and phosphate systems. This regulation is crucial because even small pH shifts can impair cellular functions and metabolic processes. Buffers work continuously, ensuring the body's internal environment remains balanced despite metabolic activities or external influences.